Kasthuri S.*, Srimathy R., Sona S., Yogeswari P., Swathi V.
Department of Pharmacology, Shri Venkateshwara College of Pharmacy, Ariyur, Puducherry-
605102 India
*Address for Corresponding author
S. Kasthuri
Associate professor
Department of Pharmacology, Shri Venkateshwara College of Pharmacy, Ariyur, Puducherry –
605102 India
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS] is a common and intricate endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age worldwide. It is categorized by irregular ovulation, elevated androgen levels, and changes in ovarian structure. These disruptions lead to symptoms such as irregular menstrual cycles, infertility, excessive hair growth, and metabolic abnormalities. The condition arises from an interaction of hormonal imbalance, insulin resistance, genetic predisposition, and environmental influences. High androgen levels and compensatory hyperinsulinemia reinforce each other, impairing normal follicle development and worsening metabolic dysfunction. PCOS is linked with significant long-term health risks, including type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, abnormal lipid profiles, cardiovascular disease, and psychological challenges. Its global prevalence varies between 5% and 20%, depending on diagnostic criteria and population differences. Management of PCOS requires a personalized, multidisciplinary approach. First-line treatment focuses on lifestyle changes such as healthy eating, weight management, and regular physical activity, which can improve both reproductive and metabolic outcomes. Pharmacological therapies may include insulin-sensitizing medications, hormonal treatments to regulate menstruation and reduce androgen effects, and drugs that stimulate ovulation for women seeking pregnancy. Emerging research is exploring innovative therapies targeting gut microbiota, neuroendocrine pathways, and new metabolic mechanisms. A comprehensive understanding of PCOS its clinical features, underlying biology, and associated risks is essential for early diagnosis and effective treatment. Continued research is critical to developing more individualized therapies and reducing the long-term health burden of this multifaceted condition.
Keywords: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, metabolic dysfunction, reproductive endocrinology, lifestyle intervention
